![]() In those cases, the lateral limits of the sedimentary layer will be marked by an abrupt change in rock type. In its plainest form, it states that in undeformed stratigraphic sequences, the oldest strata will lie at the bottom of the sequence, while newer material stacks upon the surface to. Often, the sedimentary basin is within rocks that are very different from the sediments that are being deposited. The law of superposition is an axiom that forms one of the bases of the sciences of geology, archaeology, and other fields pertaining to geological stratigraphy. If sufficient sedimentary material is available, it will be deposited up to the limits of the sedimentary basin. Superposition: The oldest layers are on the bottom the younger on top. The lateral variation in sediment within a stratum is known as sedimentary facies. Original horizontality: Initially, sedimentary rocks are lying flat. The Principle of Original Horizontality has parallels to the formation of sedimentary rocks it is one of the four major principles of geology. In its place, the particles that settle from the transporting medium will be finer-grained, and there will be a lateral transition from coarser- to finer-grained material. Often, coarser-grained material can no longer be transported to an area because the transporting medium has insufficient energy to carry it to that location. However, as the amount of material lessens away from the source, the layer of that material will become thinner. ![]() As long as sediment is transported to an area, it will eventually be deposited. Layers of sediment do not extend indefinitely rather, the limits can be recognized and are controlled by the amount and type of sediment available and the size and shape of the sedimentary basin. ![]() As a result, rocks that are otherwise similar, but are now separated by a valley or other erosional feature, can be assumed to be originally continuous. The principle of lateral continuity states that layers of sediment initially extend laterally in all directions in other words, they are laterally continuous. Picture from Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Utah. From top to bottom: Rounded tan domes of the Navajo Sandstone, layered red Kayenta Formation, cliff-forming, vertically-jointed, red Wingate Sandstone, slope-forming, purplish Chinle Formation, layered, lighter-red Moenkopi Formation, and white, layered Cutler Formation sandstone. The Permian through Jurassic strata of the Colorado Plateau area of southeastern Utah that makes up much of the famous prominent rock formations in widely spaced protected areas such as Capitol Reef National Park and Canyonlands National Park.
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